• Electronic microchips and integrated
circuits are generally very hard wearing and will withstand rough handling;
they also operate at low voltages so are relatively safe, but they respond
badly to high temperatures. Overheating should therefore be avoided, and
ventilation openings left uncovered with these safeguards, they should
give good service
• Low-voltage battery equipments are
generally safe and may even be designed to work in damp or humid conditions.
A considerable amount of electric
equipments in the operat-ing department use extra low-voltage current.
These include :
• Laryngoscopes,
• Bronchoscopes,
• Cystoscopes and
• Head lamps.
• Generally, an extra low-voltage circuit
used in apparatus for use in theater may range from 1.5 V for endoscopes to 10 V for a surgeon’s headlamp.
used in apparatus for use in theater may range from 1.5 V for endoscopes to 10 V for a surgeon’s headlamp.
• The electric current may be supplied from
batteries or a transformer which reduces the mains voltage to the required
level.
• The transformer may be a separate item of
equipment or may be incorporated in the equipment such as in diathermy machines
(high-frequency electro-surgical units). To a great extent extra low-voltage
illumination is being replaced by fibre optics.
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