5. GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
* Intravenous drugs
* Inhalation anesthesia
5.1 The intravenous route is used to provide:
* Unconscious state for induction of anesthesia ie. Thiopental, Etomedate, Ketamine
* Analgesia i.e. morphine, fentenil, alfentanil
* Muscle relaxant to facilitate intubations and condition of
Relaxed muscles for operation
5.2 In most instances, a combination of these two is utilised.
Intravenous routes, is used for inducing the anesthetic state.
The inhalation route is used for maintaining the anesthetic state.
The volatile inhalation anesthetics are:
* Diethyle ether
* Divinyle ether
* Chloroform
* Ethyle chloride
* Trichlorethylene
* Halothane
The gases used in inhalation anesthesia are:
* Nitrous oxide
* Cyclopropane
* Ethylene
Other gases used are:
* Oxygen
* Carbon dioxide
GAS EXCHANGE
These agents rely on the alveoli of the lungs, for exchange to blood for their action.
The final destination for actions is the C.N.S.
The partial pressure of these inhalational agents, has to be adequate in the C.N.S.
This is achieved through the partial pressure maintained
in the arterial blood by exchange in the alveolus.
The alveolar partial pressure is the first step towards achieving the
Anesthetic state.
In the same way on reversal can occur, if the inhalation agent is reduced, or eliminated from the respiratory circuit, the partial pressure in the alveolus fall back leading to a fall in the level, available in the CNS.
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