GENERAL ANESTHESIA
General anesthesia is a reversible, drug-induced state of
non-responsiveness to outside stimuli.
With the use of agents
such as the muscle relaxants, modern general anesthesia aims at a balance
between ‘relaxation’, ‘analgesia’ and lack of awareness.
General anesthesia is
achieved by using intravenous or inhalational agents (gases or vapours)
• Patient receives a premedication
one hour before the anesthetic procedure
• The next step to
anesthesia is induction which can be achieved by administration of intravenous
drugs or inhalation agents
• On induction, muscle
relaxation is necessary to facilitate tracheal intubation. Relaxation during
maintenance of anesthesia is also required.
Intravenous Inducting Agents
Intravenous anesthetic agents are used commonly in anesthesia as
induction agent. Induction is more rapid and smoother than that associated with
inhalational agents. Sometime for maintenance also, these agents can be used.
The intravenous
agents (IVA) can be classified as:
A. Rapidly acting agents:
1. Thiopentone (Barbiturate).
2. Etomidate (Imidazole compound).
3. Propofol
(Phenol group).
4. Propanidid (Eugenol derivative).
B. Slower acting:
1. Ketamine (Phenocyclidine derivative).
2. Diazepam and other benezodiazepine
derivative.
3. Morphine,
fentanyl, alfentanyl, sufentanil (Narcotics).
4. Haloperidol,
droperidol with opioids.
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