ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT 3

•     Electronic microchips and integrated circuits are generally very hard wearing and will withstand rough handling; they also operate at low voltages so are relatively safe, but they respond badly to high temperatures. Overheating should therefore be avoided, and ventilation openings left uncovered  with these safeguards, they should give good service

•     Low-voltage battery equipments are generally safe and may even be designed to work in damp or humid conditions.

      A considerable amount of electric equipments in the operat-ing department use extra low-voltage current. These include :

•     Laryngoscopes,

•     Bronchoscopes,

•     Cystoscopes and

•     Head lamps.

•     Generally, an extra low-voltage circuit
used in apparatus for use in theater may range from 1.5 V for endoscopes to 10 V for a surgeon’s headlamp.

•     The electric current may be supplied from batteries or a transformer which reduces the mains voltage to the required level.

•     The transformer may be a separate item of equipment or may be incorporated in the equipment such as in diathermy machines (high-frequency electro-surgical units). To a great extent extra low-voltage illumination is being replaced by fibre optics.

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