4.
Anesthesia Equipment and Anesthetics
INTRODUCTION
Administration of anesthesia is an essential technique in the
operation theater and is required for most surgical patients.
• The technique selected
is related to the surgical procedure and the drugs and equipment available in
the OT.
• It is planned so as to suit each patient’s
specific needs.
• All anesthesia technique used should be
safe for all types of patients.
In anesthesia potent drugs are used and
they:
• Produce loss of
consciousness
• Depress circulation
• Depress respiration
• Produce sympathetic
blockade and muscle paralysis.
Anesthetics drugs or the surgical
procedures may result in:
• Unwanted respiratory or
circulatory reflex responses (Side effects)
• Sometimes, the
procedure may demand unphysiologic positioning of the patient producing
circulatory or respiratory interferance
• The procedure may cause
massive blood loss.
These
are some of the effects that the anesthetists should anticipate and take
care to counteract and provide ‘safe anesthesia’ covering all these factors. To
achieve this objective an anesthetist needs to master the knowledge of the
effects of relevant drugs and equipments used during the procedure. Various
anesthetic procedures are used which includes:
• General anesthesia.
• Regional includes
epidural spinal and caudal blocks.
• Local techniques
usually administered by surgeon for minor procedures.
• Monitored anesthesia
care (MAC) is a combination of local infiltration with IV analgesia the
potential vital signs and analgesia needs are monitored and further medication
provided.
• Conscious sedation
analgesia. This is used for short-term surgical and diagnostic procedures like
endoscopy.
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