Endoscopy
RIGID
ENDOSCOPES
These viewing instruments are metallic
lit telescopes for diagno-sis and biopsy. They are introduced through natural
body orifices, e.g. bronchoscopes, esophascope, colonoscope, etc.
Today rigid
endoscopes are also being used to view the interior of joints (arthroscopes)
and the kidney (nephroscope) and abdomen (laparoscope). They are introduced
through incised openings. They have four basic components:
• Eyepiece
(viewing lens).
• Body
(light guide connector, valves to channels).
• Shaft
(lens channels).
• Distal
end (objective lens).
FIBEROPTIC
endoscope
These sophisticated instruments have
made the diagnosis of lesions in the accessible segments of the GI tract
earlier and accurate since biopsy of visualized lesions is possible. High-
resolution images can be recorded on:
• Color
film documentation of lesion and follow up.
• Cine
film for arranging learning material and documen-tation.
• Television
monitor for ease of procedure and learning.
Fiberoptics
lighting and imaging systems have replaced, the conventional optic and light
systems in endoscopes.
• Fiberoptics
is a term applied to a system for transmitting light and images through thin
optical fibers by total internal reflection
• The
fiberoptic endoscope system consists of four parts:
a. The light source or generator unit
b. The insertion tube with the optical image
bundle)
c. The instrument or endoscope control
section near the eyepiece
d. The light source is a high-intensity lamp
in a box with an in-built parabolic reflector
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