TISSUE FORCEPS

These forceps are designed to grasp tissues without crushing,they allow ease of manipulating the
tissue.
They look like haemostats except that the blades only approximate at the tips.
The tips are in the form of small teeth to reduce damage and provide good grip.
The blades above the tips, are have space for tissue gripped.
They also have rings and locks on the shafts

IDENTIFICATION
Tissue forceps look like hemostats but the blades mmet only at the tips.
There is space for tissue above the tips
There are no serrations on the blades.
There is a lock for long term holding of tissue.

The varieties are:
Allis
Lane
Babcock
Littlewood
Stile
Duval
DeBakey

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ARTERY FORCEPS

HAEMOSTATIC FORCEPS

The function of haemostatic or artery forceps is to stop or prevent bleeding.
They look very much like scissors and incorporate a rachet lock on springy steel handles and crushing jaws instead of cutting blades.

Identification points

• The tips have serrations with or without teeth to provide a firm grip.
• There is also a locking device; this allows the vessels is held others can be dealt with.
• The handles have rings to accommodate the fingers.
• The tissue is grasped between the jaw tips.

ARTERY FORCEPS

Artery forceps are primarily for holding open ends of bleeding blood vessels.
The varieties are as follows:
• Spencer – Well’s artery forceps.
• Crile artery forceps
• Dunhill artery forceps
• Rochester – Ochsner artery forceps
• Kocher artery forceps


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TREPHINES AND DISSECTING FORCEPS

TREPHINES
Trephines are used to create openings into the cranium for access to the structures within.

The burr holes can be used for obtaining biopsy material or for draining a collection of blood or pus.
Burr holes can also be enlarged or intervening bone removed to provide greater access to the brain.
Trephines in use are as follows:
· Rowbotham
· Buchanan
· Hudson spherical burr
· Hudson brace


DISSECTING FORCEPS

Dissecting forceps are also called thumb forceps because. These are used to grasp tissues to facilitate dissection or suturing and are of two types–toothed and non–toothed.
Dissecting forceps have two shafts and no joint. The tip is serrated and may have teeth. They provide a firm grip on tissues but the firmness depends on how much pressure put on the shafts. There is no locking catch on the shafts. Dissecting forceps could be plain or toothed. Plain forceps (no teeth) cause no damage to tissue, whereas toothed forceps give a firm grip. The varieties are as follows:
· Canadian
· Mitchell’s(toothed and non-toothed)
· Lane’s
· Adson’s

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SHARP INSTUMENTS 10

Potts, DeBakey and microvascular scissors are used in vascular surgery.

Guy plaster scissors are used to cut plaster of Paris at the time of removal of the plaster or to loosen a tight plaster.

What are the special-function scissors?
Special-function scissors are scissors that have special functions such as stitch cutting and bandage cutting. These are shown in given fig.

· Stitch cutting
· Bandage cutting.

Sterilization of scissors
Boiling makes the edges blunt, thus scissors require autoclaving but, over the time, the scissors need replacement. Tungsten carbide scissors last longer.
They have gold-coloured finger loops.

Oschsner Gall Bladder Trocar
Trocars and cannulae are instruments used to drain fulid from a cavity or a sac.

Uses
Ochsner’s gall bladder trocar is used for entering a distended gall bladder so as to drain its contents.
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SHARP INSTRUMENTS 9

Scissors
How do you choose a scissors?
The choice of surgical scissors is large.
Scissors can be long or short, strong or fine, blunt or sharp-pointes, straight or curved either on the flat side or on the edge.
More expensive scissors have tungsten edges that are sharp, tough and long lasting.
The choice will depend on many factors, and on the surgeon’s preference perhaps; the most important of these factors are as follows:
· For surgical cutting, short scissors are appropriative.
· Long scissors are used in deep dissection (as in thoracic and pelvic surgery).
· Curved scissors are more popular for dissection because with the convexity of blades pointing away from the surgeon, structures being cut on both sides of the tip are visible.

It should be realized that the longer the instrument, the more pronounced is the tremor transmitted.
The varieties of scissors in use are as follows:
· Mayo
· McIndoe
· Nelson
· Metzenbaum
· Lloyd-Davies
· Abel
· Potts
· DeBakey
· Microvascular

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