ELECTRIC INSTRUMENTS 1

ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS

Much of the equipment in the operating theatre is powered by electricity.

      Most of the main connections are of Alternating Current (AC) and the frequency is 50 Hz.

Hazards

With AC a person who touches a live conductor and the earth will complete the circuit. 

The current will thus flow through this person and any one of the two possibilities can occur:

•     Electrocution

•     Local burns.

Loose electric connections can also start sparking, and this can lead to ignition of inflammable material (gases) in the OT.

Failure

•     The mains voltage in the India is at 220 V, 50 Hz

•     Emergency lighting and power for the operating theatre is provided by an emergency generator at the standard mains voltage

•     Or from batteries at 12-24 V

•     Or a combination of both

•     It is likely that the generator will supply the emergency electrical needs of the operating theatre through the existing wiring and socket outlets

•     Or some of the electric socket outlets may be connected to the generator.

      The planning of the design must take into account that the emergency generator output should be sufficient to supply the demand likely to be required.

•     However, it is wise during failure of mains supply to limit the demand and use lights and equipment that are essential for the operation in progress.

•     With mains failure, there could be a delay before a generator comes into action.

•     Preventive care must be taken with the use of electro-medical equipment in the vicinity of anesthesia apparatus if flame-able anaesthetic agents are likely to be used (cyclo­propane, ether).

•     There is potential risk of sparks originating from switches or motors igniting flammable anesthetic gases which may
leak from anesthesia breathing tubes.

•     This danger exists within a 25 cm area from the points where leakage occurs.

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Infection Control Recall review 3

QUESTIONS FOR SELF EVALUATION (Sterilization)

    1.   What does sterilization mean as it applies to equipment used in Surgery?

    2.   What is the difference between a gravity steam sterilizer and a high vacuum sterilizer?

    3.   Why is it important that all air be evacuated from the steam sterilizer?

    4.   Name the four phases of a steam sterilization cycle.

    5.   Discuss the proper method of preparing stainless steel instruments for sterilization?

    6.   Why must linen be freshly laundered before it is used to wrap goods for steam sterilization?

    7.   What bacterium is used to monitor a steam-sterilized load?

INTERNET website

1.   Association for Practitioners in Infection Control (APIC). http/www. apic.org   .

2.   Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). http/www.aami.org   .

3.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http/www. cdc.gov  .

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RECALL REVIEW 2 self evaluation

QUESTIONS FOR SELF EVALUATION (Disinfection)

    1.   What is the difference between disinfection and sterili­zation?

    2.   What is the difference between disinfection and antisepsis?

    3.   What is a bactericide?

    4.   What is the difference between a bacteriostatic agent and a bactericide?

    5.   What disinfectant is used in your operating room to clean the floors and walls? What type of disinfectant is it?

    6.   Why must hospital equipment be decontaminated?

    7.   What is meant by cleaning?

    8.   How does one handle an instrument that has fallen from the surgical field during surgery?

    9.   Discuss the duties of the scrub technologist immediately following a surgical case.

  10.   Describe the proper decontamination process for surgical instruments.

  11.   What is cavitation?

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RECALL REVIEW 1

sterilization DEFINITIONS

Cobalt 60 Radiation

A method of sterilizing pre-packaged equipment by ionizing radiation.

Ethylene Oxide Gas

Highly flammable, toxic gas that is capable of sterilizing an object.

Glutaraldehyde

Chemical capable of rendering objects sterile.

Gravity Displacement Sterilizer

Type of sterilizer that removes air by gravity.

High Vacuum Sterilizer

Type of steam sterilizer that removes air in the chamber by suction vacuum.

Shelf Life

The amount of time a wrapped object will remain sterile while stored on a shelf after it has been subjected to a sterilization process.

Steam Sterilizer

Sterilizer that exposes objects to high pressure steam.

Sterilization Control Monitor

Method of determining whether a sterilization process has been completed; does not indicate whether the items subjected to that method are sterile.

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All older posts are stored in archives for access and review.

Visitors that follow may post contribtions to the site.

To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.surgseminar.blogspot.com

www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com