INECTION CONTROL 3

Scrubbing Up

All taking part in the surgical procedure and the OT team must scrub. The scrub rooms are situated before the entrance to the OT. 

Adjust the elbow taps to deliver water without splashing . 

In most tropical countries only a cold water tap is necessary.

•     Wet your hands, apply a little soap or detergent, and work up a good foam

•     Scrub your hands and forearms to 5 cm above your elbows for one complete minute

•     Wash your forearms

•     Then take a sterile brush and put soap on it (Fig. 1.2)

•     Scrub the lateral side of your left thumb, then its medial side, then the lateral and medial aspects of each successive finger

•     Scrub your nails, and then the back and front of your left hand 

•     Follow same routine with your right hand. Scrub for 5 minutes in all.

      Some surgeons only scrub their nails, and then thoroughly wash and rinse their hands and arms upto their elbows a number of times for 5 minutes. Rinse the suds from your hands while holding them higher than your elbows (F

•     Turn off the taps with your elbows 

      Dry your hands with a sterile towel before you put on a sterile gown

•     Dry your hands first, then your forearms

•     Grasp the folded towel with the fingers of both hands, then let it drop open, so that you don’t touch anything with the open towel

•     Dry your hands on one corner, then dry your forearms

•           Try not to bring a wet (unsterile) part of the towel back to a dry area of your arms and hands.

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com  

All older posts are stored in archives for access and review.

Visitors that follow may post contributions to the site.

To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.surgseminar.blogspot.com

www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com

INFECTION CONTROL 2

Aseptic Technique

Entering the Theater

Entry to the theater should be limited to the surgical team and the OT staff only.

 Visitors if allowed should conform to the same rules listed below:

•     Those that enter the theater must change, in the changing room into OT shoes and OT suit

•     Masks and caps must be worn before entering OT and gowning

•     All these items must be available in the changing rooms.

Theater Rules

The air in the OT is clean and filtered. This is required since surgical wounds are open to the air in the OT.

      It is desirable that the minimum number of people should be in the operating theater, to provide safe and efficient management of the patient. The bacteriological count in theater is related to the number of persons and their movement in the operating room. These rules of entry limits the infection rate.

      Visitors may not be allowed to enter restricted areas and watch the procedure from a visitors gallery

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com

All posts are stored in archives for access and review.

Visitors that follow may post contributions to the site.

To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.surgseminar.blogspot.com

www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com  . 

INFECTION CONTROL

INFECTION CONTROL

Infection will occur if high standards of preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative rules are not observed in relation to the care of instruments and patients.

If there is any break of these rules by the surgical team infection in surgical patients will occur..

Mechanism

The occurrence of infection and cross-infection will rise, produc­ing anything from minor wound infections to a major disaster (tetanus) thus standing rules and procedures need to be defined by hospital Infection Control Committees (ICC) and observed by the surgical teams.

      The infection control committee, usually headed by a physician, infection control nurse, or nurse epidemiologist. Following the standards set by the ICC, it provides the hospital with an effective program with the following goals:

•     Investigate and identify source of the infection in each case. The source may be a person, a patient or an employee or may be the practice of one or more employees of poor aseptic technique, or a team member may be harboring a specific disease organism that is transmitted to the patients in his or her care.

•     To identify need for change in rule book to prevent a future outbreak

•           Provide effective isolation of infected patients.

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All older posts are stored in archives for access and review.
Visitors that follow may post contributions to the site.
To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.surgseminar.blogspot.com
www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com  

OT UPGRDE referral hopital

Infection Control, Sterilization and Care of Surgical Instruments

VENTILATION of OT

The ventilation system has a very large part to play in limiting infection.

 The temperature at 68 to 70°F (20-23°C) with a humidity of 30 to 60 percent. This reduces bacterial growth and static electricity.

Each OT should have independent temperature controls.

Air flow should be filtered through high-efficiency particulate air
(HEPA) system with 15 air exchange per hour at least three must be fresh air. Air enters the OT through vents in the ceiling and leaves through vents near the floor.

There must be a positive pressure in the OT compared to wash rooms, utility rooms and corridors.

The air ventilation system must have a routine for inspection and maintenance including change of filters

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All older posts are stored in archives for access and review.
Visitors that follow may post contributions to the site.
To create consumer/ provider engagement visit www.surgseminar.blogspot.com
www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com  

Otmanage upgrade to referral HOSPITAL

WE embark on a fresh endevour to upgrade OTMANAGE to the level of a Referral hospital
begining with the facilities in the Operating rooms.

Infection Control, Sterilization and Care of Surgical Instruments

VENTILATION of OT

The ventilation system has a very large part to play in limiting infection. 
The temperature at 68 to 70°F (20-23°C) with a humidity of 30 to 60 percent. 
This reduces bacterial growth and static electricity. Each OT should have independent temperature controls.

Air flow should be filtered through high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) system with 15 air exchange per hour at least three must be fresh air. 
Air enters the OT through vents in the ceiling and leaves through vents near the floor.

There must be a positive pressure in the OT compared to wash rooms, utility rooms and corridors.

The air ventilation system must have a routine for inspection and maintenance including change of filters.

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com

All posts are stored in archives for access and review.

Visitors that follow may post contributions to the site

To create consumer /provider engagement visit www.surgseminar.blogspot.com

www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com

PROCEDURE EPIDURAL 1

EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA

Objectives

· To provide anesthesia for procedures and surgical inter­ventions (i.e., urological, gynecological, obstetrics, abdominal and orthopedic surgeries) by introducing local anesthesia into the epidural space.

· This technique is also used for providing postoperative analgesia.

· Written consent for procedure is required.

Position

Same as for spinal anesthesia.

Premedication

• Oral premedication given.

Procedure

1. Procedure explained to the patient.

2. On a tiltable table.

   3. Performed at any level of spinal cord according to the desired level of analgesia.

   4. Thoracic, lumbar or caudal epidural practiced.

   5. The duration of action can be prolonged by intermittent

       injections through an epidural catheter.

   6. Epidural needles are thick and curved tips (16, 18, 20 G)

   7. Intravenous line started.

   8. Patient attached to ECG, Sp0₂ and NIBP monitor.

   9. Scrub and wear sterile gown and gloves.

  10. Check the epidural set on the sterile trolley for the items required, proper size needle and catheter;           proper fitting of syringe into the hub of epidural needle.

  11. Fill in a 20 ml syringe the local anesthesia to be injected into the epidural space.

  12. Read the label of drug vial carefully for the name,percentage, baricity, expiry date. Confirm it with       assistant.

13. Local anesthetic to be used for skin infiltration taken into a

2 ml syringe (2 cc. 2% xylocaine)

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All older posts are stored in archives for access.
Visitors that follow may post contributions to the site.
To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.surgseminar.blogspot.com
www.drmmkapur.blogspt.com

ANESTHESIA Procedure 1 2+3 INSTRUMENTS

Equipments Required for Tracheal Intubation

Intubation tray

· Laryngoscope and blades.

· Tracheal tube (Correct size, a size smaller and a size bigger).

· Tracheal tube connector.

· Stillete

· Magill's forceps.

· Gum elastic bougies, Size : 6 mm.

· 10 ml cuff inflating syringe.

· Plastic clamp.

· Securing tape/adhesive.

· Catheter mount.

· Local spray (4% Lignocaine).

· Lubricant anesthetic jelly.

· Sterile throat packs, gauze piece.

· Anesthesia machine and breathing system, face masks, oropharynx and nasopharyngeal airway.

Checkingthe tube position Position of the tracheal tube is checked for correct placement in trachea:

· By watching the chest movements on manual ventilation.

· Auscultating the chest for breath sounds.

· End tidal C0₂ value if it is attached to a capnometer.

· Compliance of the reservior bag.

· Opacification of the transparent tube during exhalation and normal oxygen saturation.

Fixing the tube The tube is attached to facial skin by adhesive tape which encircles the tube or using a cotton tape which encircles the head.

 

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com

All older posts are stored in archives for access and review.

Visitors that follow may post contributions.

To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.surgseminar.blogspot.com

www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com