OT ACCIDENTS
WHAT IS HEPATITIS B (SERUM HEPATITIS)?
How does it occur in OT?
This is one of the most infective viruses.
- It may be transmitted from patient to patient by as little as 0.0001 ml. of infected blood.
- The virus remains active, for up to 6 months in dried blood, consequently instruments which have been poorly cleaned or disinfected, may be responsible for infecting other patients, whilst poor surgical technique, may result in the doctor becoming infected from the patient, or vice versa thru a needle prick.
- It has been estimated that there are possibly 200 million carriers of hepatitis in the world, representing up to 20% of the population in African, Pacific, and other tropical countries, and 0.5% of the population in Northern Europe. The current prevalence in the population is from 1-15.8%
- Thus, statistically the doctor or nurse has a 1 in 200 chance of treating a hepatitis B carrier.
- If the doctor becomes accidentally infected with the hepatitis B virus, not only may the disease develop, but the doctor may become a hepatitis B carrier, and is an unacceptable risk to patients and may have to give up surgery.
The transmission role in case of needle stick is 6 to 37%.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are stored in archives for access and review.
Friday, September 3, 2010
Friday, August 20, 2010
STERILIZATION 4
STERILIZERS AND CONFIRM SUCCESS
WHAT ARE THE TYPES?
GRAVITY DISPLACEMENT STERILIZER The gravity (or "downward") displacement sterilizer uses the principle that air is heavier than steam.
-Within the sterilizer there is an inner chamber where goods are loaded and an outer jacket type chamber that injects steam forcefully into it.
-Any air in the inner chamber blocks the passage of pressureized steam to the surface of the goods and thus prevents sterilization.
-All the air must be removed because every surface of the supplies must be exposed to the pressurized steam to ensure sterilization.
-Therefore, the sterilizer is constructed in such a way that air is pushed downward by gravity (hence the name "gravity displacement sterilizer").
PRE-VACUUM STERILIZER The pre-vacuum sterilizer does not rely on gravity to remove air from the inner chamber. Instead, the air is pulled out of the chamber, which creates a vacuum in the chamber.
Steam is injected into the chamber to replace the air. This type of sterilizer offers greater steam penetration in a shorter time than the gravity displacement sterilizer.
FLASH STERILIZER The flash sterilizer has traditionally been used in the operating room and in other areas of the hospital to quickly sterilize items that are unwrapped.
It has been common practice to flash sterilize any instrument that had become contaminated during surgery.
HOW DO CONFIRM STERILIZATION?
- A chemical monitor is an object that is treated with material that changes its characteristics when sterilized.
This may be in the form of special ink that is impregnated into paper strips or tape and placed on the outside of the package, or it may be a substance that is incorporated into a pellet contained in a glass vial.
- The chemical responds to conditions such as extreme heat, pressure, or humidity but does not take into consideration the duration of exposure, which is critical to the sterilization process.
- Another monitoring method used to evaluate the steam sterilizer is the combined temperature time graphs that are installed within the control panel of the sterilizer. These graphs provide a permanent written record of all loads that have been processed.
- The surest way, to determine the sterility of given item, is with the use of biologic controls.
A highly resistant, nonpathogenic, spore-forming bacteria, is used as indicator. Contained in a glass vial or a strip of paper.
This is placed in the load of goods, to be sterilized.
For steam sterilization, the dry spores of the bacteria Bacillus Stearothermophilus are used.
The gas sterilization process uses the bacterium Bacillus Subtilis.
The vial or strip is recovered at the end of the sterilization process and cultured.
This process is time consuming and the results method of testing the efficacy of a sterilization process. Biologic controls should be administered at least once weekly. If feasible, they should also be used whenever an artificial implant or prosthesis is sterilized and the item withheld from use until the results are known to be negative.
ANY questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are stored in archives for access and review
WHAT ARE THE TYPES?
GRAVITY DISPLACEMENT STERILIZER The gravity (or "downward") displacement sterilizer uses the principle that air is heavier than steam.
-Within the sterilizer there is an inner chamber where goods are loaded and an outer jacket type chamber that injects steam forcefully into it.
-Any air in the inner chamber blocks the passage of pressureized steam to the surface of the goods and thus prevents sterilization.
-All the air must be removed because every surface of the supplies must be exposed to the pressurized steam to ensure sterilization.
-Therefore, the sterilizer is constructed in such a way that air is pushed downward by gravity (hence the name "gravity displacement sterilizer").
PRE-VACUUM STERILIZER The pre-vacuum sterilizer does not rely on gravity to remove air from the inner chamber. Instead, the air is pulled out of the chamber, which creates a vacuum in the chamber.
Steam is injected into the chamber to replace the air. This type of sterilizer offers greater steam penetration in a shorter time than the gravity displacement sterilizer.
FLASH STERILIZER The flash sterilizer has traditionally been used in the operating room and in other areas of the hospital to quickly sterilize items that are unwrapped.
It has been common practice to flash sterilize any instrument that had become contaminated during surgery.
HOW DO CONFIRM STERILIZATION?
- A chemical monitor is an object that is treated with material that changes its characteristics when sterilized.
This may be in the form of special ink that is impregnated into paper strips or tape and placed on the outside of the package, or it may be a substance that is incorporated into a pellet contained in a glass vial.
- The chemical responds to conditions such as extreme heat, pressure, or humidity but does not take into consideration the duration of exposure, which is critical to the sterilization process.
- Another monitoring method used to evaluate the steam sterilizer is the combined temperature time graphs that are installed within the control panel of the sterilizer. These graphs provide a permanent written record of all loads that have been processed.
- The surest way, to determine the sterility of given item, is with the use of biologic controls.
A highly resistant, nonpathogenic, spore-forming bacteria, is used as indicator. Contained in a glass vial or a strip of paper.
This is placed in the load of goods, to be sterilized.
For steam sterilization, the dry spores of the bacteria Bacillus Stearothermophilus are used.
The gas sterilization process uses the bacterium Bacillus Subtilis.
The vial or strip is recovered at the end of the sterilization process and cultured.
This process is time consuming and the results method of testing the efficacy of a sterilization process. Biologic controls should be administered at least once weekly. If feasible, they should also be used whenever an artificial implant or prosthesis is sterilized and the item withheld from use until the results are known to be negative.
ANY questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are stored in archives for access and review
METHODS OF STERILIZATION 3
CHOICE of GOOD AUTOCLAVE & CYCLE
- A`quick' cycle would heat the water to 134 degree C (273 degree F) for 3.5 min. under a pressure of 30 1b/sq in.
- Slower cycle, more suitable for plastics, would heat the water to 121 degree C under a pressure of 15 1b/sq in 15 minutes.
- In practice, instruments are placed in the trays or in packs, the autoclave turned on, and left for the desired time.
- At the end of the cycle, the instruments are ready for use.
-They will be dry with vacuum and air outlet.
The main disadvantage of the smaller autoclave is that instrument packs cannot be sterilized as there is not a vacuum cycle to extract air and dry the packs.
However, most materials including rubber, plastics and metal can be readily sterilized, the only exception being sealed containers.
Steam is the gaseous form of water. If it is to sterilize effectively, by killing all spores:
- It must be at an appropriate temperature (which implies an appropriate pressure).
- It the chamber must be saturated with STEAM.
- Thus not be mixed with air, so it must displace all the air in the chamber of the autoclave.
- And, it must reach all parts of the load. If it contains droplets of water, it will soak into porous materials.
If no air is discharged, the bottom of the chamber may be much cooler, than the top.
As soon as the chamber of an autoclave is full of steam, at the desired temperature, and pressure, it must be held there, for a critical time-the holding time.
The standard holding time is 15 minutes, at 121 degree C, but you may need to vary it.
Single walled autoclaves are strong metal chambers with water in the bottom, like large pressure cookers. They have several disadvantages and may not be acceptable foe hospital use..
A good autoclave (with double wall & vacuum) is by far the most efficient method of sterilization for materials that will stand up to heat and moisture.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are stored in archives for your access and review
- A`quick' cycle would heat the water to 134 degree C (273 degree F) for 3.5 min. under a pressure of 30 1b/sq in.
- Slower cycle, more suitable for plastics, would heat the water to 121 degree C under a pressure of 15 1b/sq in 15 minutes.
- In practice, instruments are placed in the trays or in packs, the autoclave turned on, and left for the desired time.
- At the end of the cycle, the instruments are ready for use.
-They will be dry with vacuum and air outlet.
The main disadvantage of the smaller autoclave is that instrument packs cannot be sterilized as there is not a vacuum cycle to extract air and dry the packs.
However, most materials including rubber, plastics and metal can be readily sterilized, the only exception being sealed containers.
Steam is the gaseous form of water. If it is to sterilize effectively, by killing all spores:
- It must be at an appropriate temperature (which implies an appropriate pressure).
- It the chamber must be saturated with STEAM.
- Thus not be mixed with air, so it must displace all the air in the chamber of the autoclave.
- And, it must reach all parts of the load. If it contains droplets of water, it will soak into porous materials.
If no air is discharged, the bottom of the chamber may be much cooler, than the top.
As soon as the chamber of an autoclave is full of steam, at the desired temperature, and pressure, it must be held there, for a critical time-the holding time.
The standard holding time is 15 minutes, at 121 degree C, but you may need to vary it.
Single walled autoclaves are strong metal chambers with water in the bottom, like large pressure cookers. They have several disadvantages and may not be acceptable foe hospital use..
A good autoclave (with double wall & vacuum) is by far the most efficient method of sterilization for materials that will stand up to heat and moisture.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are stored in archives for your access and review
Friday, August 6, 2010
METHODS OF STERILIZATION 2
STERILIZATION BY HOT-AIR OVENS:
These are thermostatic controlled ovens, with an electric heating element, similar to a domestic electric oven.
- Instruments to be sterilized are heated to 160 degree C (320 degree F) for 1 hour.
- Sterilization is achieved, but it is not suitable for rubber or plastic instruments.
- In hospital has been used for sterilizing powders and petroleum products and sharp delicate instruments
The efficiency of dry heat sterilization depends on the initial moisture of the microbial cells, but all microorganisms are killed at 160 degree C for a hold time of not less than 2 hours.
The main advantages of dry heat sterilization are its ability to treat solids, non-aqueous liquids, grease/ointments and to process closed (airtight) containers.
Lack of corrosion is important in the sterilization of non-stainless metals and surgical instruments with fine cutting edges.
WHAT ARE AUTOCLAVES?
This is the most efficient method of sterilizing instruments, packs and dressings, and is suitable for most materials.
An autoclave is basically a pressure cooker and in fact, there is no reason why a domestic pressure cooker should not be used to sterilize instruments in a small clinic.
The small autoclaves produced for the doctor's surgery offer a choice of temperatures, pressures and sterilizing times:
The highest temperature that can be reached by boiling water at sea level in an open vessel is 100 degree C.
With increased pressure, the water can be raised to much higher temperatures before it boils, e.g., at a pressure of 0.35 kg per cm2 (5 p.s.i.) the temperature reaches 105.5 degree C: at 0.7 kg per cm2 (10 p.s.i.). 115 degree C; and at 1.05 kg per cm2 (15 p.s.i.) the temperature will reach 121 degree C, etc. In a sterilizer chamber (autoclave) which has been well exhausted of air the steam entering promptly fills the free spaces surrounding the load.
As steam contacts the cool outer layers of the fabrics a film of steam condenses, leaving a minute quantity of moisture in the fibres of the fabrics.
Air contained in the fabric interstices, being heavier than steam, is displaced by gravity in a downward direction, and the latent heat given off during the process of condensation is absorbed by that layer of the fabrics. fig 2.15
The next film of steam immediately fills the space created when the first film condensed into water, and it does not condense on the outer layer of the fabrics but penetrates into the second layer, condenses and heats it.
This process continues until the whole load is heated through and no further condensation occurs, the temperature within the pack remaining at that of the surrounding steam.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All posts are stored in archives for your access and review
These are thermostatic controlled ovens, with an electric heating element, similar to a domestic electric oven.
- Instruments to be sterilized are heated to 160 degree C (320 degree F) for 1 hour.
- Sterilization is achieved, but it is not suitable for rubber or plastic instruments.
- In hospital has been used for sterilizing powders and petroleum products and sharp delicate instruments
The efficiency of dry heat sterilization depends on the initial moisture of the microbial cells, but all microorganisms are killed at 160 degree C for a hold time of not less than 2 hours.
The main advantages of dry heat sterilization are its ability to treat solids, non-aqueous liquids, grease/ointments and to process closed (airtight) containers.
Lack of corrosion is important in the sterilization of non-stainless metals and surgical instruments with fine cutting edges.
WHAT ARE AUTOCLAVES?
This is the most efficient method of sterilizing instruments, packs and dressings, and is suitable for most materials.
An autoclave is basically a pressure cooker and in fact, there is no reason why a domestic pressure cooker should not be used to sterilize instruments in a small clinic.
The small autoclaves produced for the doctor's surgery offer a choice of temperatures, pressures and sterilizing times:
The highest temperature that can be reached by boiling water at sea level in an open vessel is 100 degree C.
With increased pressure, the water can be raised to much higher temperatures before it boils, e.g., at a pressure of 0.35 kg per cm2 (5 p.s.i.) the temperature reaches 105.5 degree C: at 0.7 kg per cm2 (10 p.s.i.). 115 degree C; and at 1.05 kg per cm2 (15 p.s.i.) the temperature will reach 121 degree C, etc. In a sterilizer chamber (autoclave) which has been well exhausted of air the steam entering promptly fills the free spaces surrounding the load.
As steam contacts the cool outer layers of the fabrics a film of steam condenses, leaving a minute quantity of moisture in the fibres of the fabrics.
Air contained in the fabric interstices, being heavier than steam, is displaced by gravity in a downward direction, and the latent heat given off during the process of condensation is absorbed by that layer of the fabrics. fig 2.15
The next film of steam immediately fills the space created when the first film condensed into water, and it does not condense on the outer layer of the fabrics but penetrates into the second layer, condenses and heats it.
This process continues until the whole load is heated through and no further condensation occurs, the temperature within the pack remaining at that of the surrounding steam.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All posts are stored in archives for your access and review
Friday, July 30, 2010
METHODS OF STERILIZATION
The reusable instruments have already been decontaminated.
We need to select an available method for sterilizing them for reuse in the next procedure.
STERILIZING AND DISINFECTING INSTRUMENTS:
Sterilization is the destruction of all living organisms.
- An item may only be STERILE or NON-STERILE.
- It CANNOT be NEARLY sterile.
- Disinfection, on the other hand is the REDUCTION of a population of pathogenic micro-organisms without achieving sterility.
- In these cases not all bacterial spores are destroyed.
Antiseptics are used in the skin to prevent infection. They are milder than disinfectants e.g. Iodine, Hydrogen peroxide and Chlorhexadine.
There are four methods of disinfecting and sterilizing instruments in Hospital practice:
1. Antiseptic solutions.
2. Boiling.
3. Hot air ovens.
4. Autoclave.
DISINFECTING SOLUTION
- Alcohol (Ethyl + Isopropyl) 70% was the solution most widely used.
- Recently of 0.5% chlorhexidine is widely used for emergency disinfection of surgical instruments
It requires only 2 minutes immersion.
- Where instruments are left for longer periods or stored continuously, addition of one tablet of sodium nitrite 1g will prevent rusting.
As the tablet dissolves over several days, another is added.
- The aldehydes (Formaldehyde & Gluteraldhyde) are powerful disinfectants and sterilizers.
A solution containing 2% glutaraldehyde will disinfect instruments if they are soaked for 10 minutes, and sterilize if left soaking for 10 hours.
The disadvantages are that the solution needs to be fresh, and it can cause staining if left on the skin.
- A detailed list is given at the end of this chapter (Table I.V)
BOILING:
This is still the most widely used method of disinfecting instruments in the World;
- it is simple, quick and reasonably effective, but
- will not destroy certain bacterial spores (tetanus, gas-gangrene)
- and certain viruses.
- Normally, instruments are cleaned, and then boiled for 5 minutes (100 degree C or 212 degree F).
- A boiling water `sterilizer' is badly named, because at a height of 3000 metres water boils at 90 degree C and is thus much less effective.
- This method is obviously not suitable for dressings or drapes.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are stored in archives for your access and review
We need to select an available method for sterilizing them for reuse in the next procedure.
STERILIZING AND DISINFECTING INSTRUMENTS:
Sterilization is the destruction of all living organisms.
- An item may only be STERILE or NON-STERILE.
- It CANNOT be NEARLY sterile.
- Disinfection, on the other hand is the REDUCTION of a population of pathogenic micro-organisms without achieving sterility.
- In these cases not all bacterial spores are destroyed.
Antiseptics are used in the skin to prevent infection. They are milder than disinfectants e.g. Iodine, Hydrogen peroxide and Chlorhexadine.
There are four methods of disinfecting and sterilizing instruments in Hospital practice:
1. Antiseptic solutions.
2. Boiling.
3. Hot air ovens.
4. Autoclave.
DISINFECTING SOLUTION
- Alcohol (Ethyl + Isopropyl) 70% was the solution most widely used.
- Recently of 0.5% chlorhexidine is widely used for emergency disinfection of surgical instruments
It requires only 2 minutes immersion.
- Where instruments are left for longer periods or stored continuously, addition of one tablet of sodium nitrite 1g will prevent rusting.
As the tablet dissolves over several days, another is added.
- The aldehydes (Formaldehyde & Gluteraldhyde) are powerful disinfectants and sterilizers.
A solution containing 2% glutaraldehyde will disinfect instruments if they are soaked for 10 minutes, and sterilize if left soaking for 10 hours.
The disadvantages are that the solution needs to be fresh, and it can cause staining if left on the skin.
- A detailed list is given at the end of this chapter (Table I.V)
BOILING:
This is still the most widely used method of disinfecting instruments in the World;
- it is simple, quick and reasonably effective, but
- will not destroy certain bacterial spores (tetanus, gas-gangrene)
- and certain viruses.
- Normally, instruments are cleaned, and then boiled for 5 minutes (100 degree C or 212 degree F).
- A boiling water `sterilizer' is badly named, because at a height of 3000 metres water boils at 90 degree C and is thus much less effective.
- This method is obviously not suitable for dressings or drapes.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are stored in archives for your access and review
Friday, July 23, 2010
DECONTAMINATE BEFORE REUSE
HOW TO DECONTAMINATE USED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS?
Washer Steriliser
The washer-sterilizer operates much the same as the steam
sterilizer.
The washer-sterilizer sends large amounts of soapy
water over the instruments.
Steam under pressure and air are then injected into the water, which activates the water significantly.
As the water is drained from the chamber, tissue
debris and scum are filtered off and steam fills the entire
chamber.
The temperature is then maintained at 270oF for 3
minutes.
Near the completion of the cycle, the steam is released
through the exhaust system.
Ultrasonic Cleaner
Following processing in the washer-sterilizer, all instruments
should be placed in the ultrasonic cleaner.
This process further removes particles and debris through a process called cavitation.
During cavitation, high frequency sound waves are generated
through a water bath in which the instruments are placed along
with a neutral to slightly alkaline detergent.
Cavitation explode inwardly (implosion), and this causes their release from the surface of the instrument.
Following cavitation, instruments are rinsed thoroughly and dried.
If the equipment mentioned is not available hand washing in running
Water is the alternative. Followed by detergent and hand brushing the
Instruments.
WHAT ARE THE DISPOSABLE MEDICAL WASTE?
The operation of a single surgical OT generates a large amount
of medical waste.
Among these are :
* gloves
* gowns
* backtable covers
* patient drapes
* needles and other sharps
* body fluids and secretions
* and other items that must be disposed of.
The types of regulated waste from health care facilities.
* These are radioactive waste, which is regulated by the
Nuclear Regulation Agency
* Hazardous chemical waste, which is regulated by environmental
protection agency
* The third type is potential infective waste, which, for
the purpose of this text will be referred to as regulated
medical waste these are all the items used in an operative procedure and
have been listed above.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are stored in archives for your access and review
Washer Steriliser
The washer-sterilizer operates much the same as the steam
sterilizer.
The washer-sterilizer sends large amounts of soapy
water over the instruments.
Steam under pressure and air are then injected into the water, which activates the water significantly.
As the water is drained from the chamber, tissue
debris and scum are filtered off and steam fills the entire
chamber.
The temperature is then maintained at 270oF for 3
minutes.
Near the completion of the cycle, the steam is released
through the exhaust system.
Ultrasonic Cleaner
Following processing in the washer-sterilizer, all instruments
should be placed in the ultrasonic cleaner.
This process further removes particles and debris through a process called cavitation.
During cavitation, high frequency sound waves are generated
through a water bath in which the instruments are placed along
with a neutral to slightly alkaline detergent.
Cavitation explode inwardly (implosion), and this causes their release from the surface of the instrument.
Following cavitation, instruments are rinsed thoroughly and dried.
If the equipment mentioned is not available hand washing in running
Water is the alternative. Followed by detergent and hand brushing the
Instruments.
WHAT ARE THE DISPOSABLE MEDICAL WASTE?
The operation of a single surgical OT generates a large amount
of medical waste.
Among these are :
* gloves
* gowns
* backtable covers
* patient drapes
* needles and other sharps
* body fluids and secretions
* and other items that must be disposed of.
The types of regulated waste from health care facilities.
* These are radioactive waste, which is regulated by the
Nuclear Regulation Agency
* Hazardous chemical waste, which is regulated by environmental
protection agency
* The third type is potential infective waste, which, for
the purpose of this text will be referred to as regulated
medical waste these are all the items used in an operative procedure and
have been listed above.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are stored in archives for your access and review
Thursday, July 15, 2010
CLOSING ACT
WHAT IS THE END OF DAY CLEANING THEATER ROUTINE?
Clean OT thoroughly after each day's list, and completely every week.
Decontamination of Furniture and Fixed Equipment
* The room itself and its furniture and fixed equipment can be cleaned and disinfected.
* All equipment and furniture used during a surgical procedure are thoroughly cleaned
* Floors should be cleaned using a wet-vacuum system. This can be a centralized built in system or a portable wet-vacuum. If neither is available, the following procedure may be used:
1) Two buckets are filled with disinfectant/detergent
2) Mop heads must be sterilized or a disposable mop head (used once only) used in the operating room suite.
3) Solutions and mop heads are changed for each suite and the buckets cleaned before new solution is mixed.
* The pads of the operating table are removed to expose the undersurface of the table. All surfaces of the table and pads are cleaned with particular attention to hinges, pivotal points, and castors.
* Doors and walls are spot cleaned with disinfectant
End of Day Cleanup
* Surgical lights and slide tracks
* All ceiling-mounted equipment
* All furniture including castors or wheels
* All shelves, counters, work tables and autoclave cabinet tops
* All floor surfaces in the department the surfaces are carbonized.
* Scrub sinks
* Soap dispensers
Weekly Cleanup
* Ventilation and air conditioning/heating duct grills must be vacuumed to prevent the release of bacteria-laden dust into the surgical environment
* Utility rooms, including those used to store house keeping supplies, sewer hoppers, and linens, must be cleaned
* OT Fumigation is utilized after occurrence of infection.
Cleaning Instruments:
Use an old scrub brush. Open hinged instruments fully,
scrub them, and take special care to clean their jaws and serrations
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are saved in archives for tour access and review..
Clean OT thoroughly after each day's list, and completely every week.
Decontamination of Furniture and Fixed Equipment
* The room itself and its furniture and fixed equipment can be cleaned and disinfected.
* All equipment and furniture used during a surgical procedure are thoroughly cleaned
* Floors should be cleaned using a wet-vacuum system. This can be a centralized built in system or a portable wet-vacuum. If neither is available, the following procedure may be used:
1) Two buckets are filled with disinfectant/detergent
2) Mop heads must be sterilized or a disposable mop head (used once only) used in the operating room suite.
3) Solutions and mop heads are changed for each suite and the buckets cleaned before new solution is mixed.
* The pads of the operating table are removed to expose the undersurface of the table. All surfaces of the table and pads are cleaned with particular attention to hinges, pivotal points, and castors.
* Doors and walls are spot cleaned with disinfectant
End of Day Cleanup
* Surgical lights and slide tracks
* All ceiling-mounted equipment
* All furniture including castors or wheels
* All shelves, counters, work tables and autoclave cabinet tops
* All floor surfaces in the department the surfaces are carbonized.
* Scrub sinks
* Soap dispensers
Weekly Cleanup
* Ventilation and air conditioning/heating duct grills must be vacuumed to prevent the release of bacteria-laden dust into the surgical environment
* Utility rooms, including those used to store house keeping supplies, sewer hoppers, and linens, must be cleaned
* OT Fumigation is utilized after occurrence of infection.
Cleaning Instruments:
Use an old scrub brush. Open hinged instruments fully,
scrub them, and take special care to clean their jaws and serrations
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All earlier posts are saved in archives for tour access and review..
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