LASERS
Laser light is a part of the light spectrum
which has been collimated and made coherent so that the waves travel in the
same direction in parallel. This beam now carries laser energy measured in
Joules and the energy delivered is proportionate to the exposure measured in
seconds. The principle of laser generation has been shown in the figures above.
New laser systems have been introduced into use. The five components of a
system are:
• Laser
head
• Excitation
source
• Ancillary
components
• Control
panel
• Delivery
system.
The Table 2.1 summarises the characteristics of those in use in
surgery.
• A
laser is an instrument equipped to produce a parallel beam of high intensity
light which can be focussed on a very small spot
• The
development of surgical lasers during the last decade has made a significant
contribution to microsurgery
• Used
with an operating microscopes or fiberscopes a wide range of microsurgical
procedures have now become possible, for example:
a. Sutureless microvascular anastomosis.
b. Excision of the posterior capsule of the lens
through the transparent cornea.
c. Coagulation of bleeding peptic ulcers using a
flexible gastroscope.
• In
laser surgery, the light beam heats the target tissue and causes:
a. Thermal tissue destruction.
b. First with local edema.
c. Then denaturation of protein.
d. Contraction of tissue due to alteration of
fibrous tissue protein.
e. And finally boiling of cell water and
vaporization.
f. Generally, low energy exposure results in
coagulation of blood vessel.
g. Higher energy exposure produces a precise
incision by vaporization of the tissue at the focal point.
It
is important that eye protection be worn during proceduresAny questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
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